Concrete column.



E- V. JOHNSON.

CONCRETE COLUMN.

APPLICATION FILED H1341, 1907.

Patented May 25, 1909.l

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E. V. JOHNSON.

CONCRETE COLUMN.

APPLICATION FILED 121113.11, 1907.

922,91 0. Patented May 25, 1909.

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ERNEST V. JOHNSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

CONCRETE COLUJMIN'.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, 1909.

Application led February l1, 1907. Serial No. 356,676.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ERNEST V. JOHNSON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, .in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Concrete Columns, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

This invention relates to concrete columns and it has for its object to provide an improved construction of fire proof concrete column embodying a certain combination and arrangement of elements and materials whereby the concrete is not only adequately protected from fire but its power of resistance to crushing strains increased a very material degree.

With a view to the attainment of these ends and the accomplishment of certain other obj ects, which will hereinafter appear,

the invention consists in the features of' novelty which will be now described with reference to the accompanying drawings and more particularly pointed out in the claims.

In the said drawings, Figure l is a vertical or longitudinal sectional view of a column embodying this invention, showing its relation to a part of a structure in which it might be used. Fig. 2 is a transverse section thereof on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration hereinafter more fully explained.

In carrying out my invention, I employ a series of rings or concentric sections divided horizontally from each other and each consisting of a plurality of segments l. These are composed of any suitable iireprooiing material, preferably lire clay or brick and they are placed, as shown in Fig. 2, to form a complete circle or ring, and the rings are concentrically superimposed one upon another as shown in Fig. l, so as to constitute in effect a hollow column and in this column is placed a filling or body of concrete 2, which completely fills the inclosure, and if desired, the rings themselves may be set in concrete 3 or in any other suitable substance ordinarily employed in masonry structures. Each of the segments 1 is provided with a circular chamber or channel 4, and these channels are so disposed that when the segments are placed together to constitute a complete circle, the channels will also form a circular chamber or channel and in each of these continuous circular chambers or channels is situated a metallic reinforcing band 5, which is also continuous so as to be capable of withstanding great pressure from within. It being almost impossible, and certainly not practicably possible, to have these rings of such size that they will accurately fit against either wall of their containing channels 1l, it is desirable to make the rings a little larger than the circumference of the inner wall so that when arranged concentrically with the iire brick ring, the inner surface of the metallic ring will stand away slightly from both walls of its inclosing channel. It is important, however, that there be no lost movement or play between the inner surface of the ring 5 and the inner wall of the inclosing channel, and therefore the metallic ring 5 is embedded in a filling of concrete 6 or any other suitable material capable of setting or becoming hard and forming a proper degree of resistance between the ring 5 and the fire brick segments 1. This lling 6 preferably completely occupies the channel l and if a fluid or plastic substance, such as hydraulic cement, be employed, it is preferably poured into the channel after the ring 5 has been placed therein accurately against the bottom thereof, this operation being performed as the courses or layers of re brick are put in place and after it is done, the setting 3 of cement or other material used, is laid over the surface of the 'lire brick and filling 6 preparatory to laying the next course. In practice a convenient and eicient method consists in laying the courses of lire brick, one after another, and as each course is laid, the lling of cement 2 is spread outwardly over the surface of the Yhre brick to constitute the setting 3 so that the setting will be virtually an integral part of the body 2 and the lire brick will be thereby more perfectly united with such body.

I/Vhen a concrete column is subjected to vertical or longitudinal strain, its tendency is to burst or to disintegrate in a lateral direction along lines which diverge downwardly from the longitudinal axis of the column. rlhis may be better understood from the diagram shown in Fig. 3, in which the aforesaid diverging lines of motion. are represented by the inner inclined arrows or lines, while the strain or compressing force is illustrated by the main vertical arrow. t is, of course, apparent, therefore, that if this lateral movement of the particles represented by the diverging lines could be adequately resisted, the power of the body or lilling 2 to resist longitudinal or vertical strains would be equal to, or greater than any force short of that capable of producing actual compression of the body. Therefore, the 'lire brick rings or sections with their inclosed and protected metallic reinforcing bands add to the column the power of resisting 'vertical strains, which is equal to the tensile strength of the bands themselves, plus, of course, the power requiredto overcome the friction of the particles sliding one upon another or, in other words, the dierence between the direct vertical strain and the force which diverts this strain from its perpendicular line to the inclined course represented by the inclined lines. These inclined lines of force, of course strike the inner faces of the [fire brick segments, substantially equally from top to bottom of each segment with a resultant direct outward pressure represented by the horizontal arrows or lines in this diagram, tending to burst the lire brick courses or displace their segments in a direct outward direction. It is important, therefore, that the reinforcement of each of the segments l be equally distributed from top to bottom so that this bursting strain or pressure will not be afforded a greater leverage or advantage at the top than at fthe bottom, or vice versa. Consequently the channels 4 of the segments lV are of such depth and the reinforcing bands 5 are of such a vertical width or height that when the bands are placed in the channels, they will be disposed equi-distant between the top and bottom of the segment and as a consequence as many lines of force will fall upon or against the top half of the band as against the bottom half and there will be prevented all tendency of a tilting action of the segments which, if it occur, will be of great effect in the destruction of the column, since two of these segments, one above the other, tilting in this manner would act as a toggle lever for displacing the segments with relation to each other in a vertical direction and thereby better enabling the lateral force to roll them, as it were, one upon the other, in an outward direction. When a column of considerable height is built up in this manner, it is desirable to brace the same against bending movement or strain and when this is required, a base plate such as that shown at 7 is first laid as the foundation for the first layer or course of the fire brick and a similar plate 8, as a cap, is placed upon the top course and these two plates are bound firmly together by longitudinal rods 9, having heads l() at their lower ends engaging against the bottom or base plate 7 with nuts l1 screw threaded on their upper ends and engaging against the top plate, which latter also serves as an appropriate support for beams or girders l2 employed in the structure,`a plate similar to plate 7 being placed on top of these girders l2, as shown at 13, when it is desired to continue a column above the girders. These stayY rods 9 may be disposed in a circular series as better indicated in Fig. 2 so that the nuts 1l. will avoid the beams l2 and when the nuts are tightened up, they will be given a firm anchorage against the top and bottom plates and thereby prevent the elongation at one side of the column necessary before any bending action can take place, even though vthe frictionalgrip of the concrete upon the rods should be suflicient to prevent `them from slipping.

ln order that theA invention might be fully understood by those skilled in the art, the details of an exemplification thereof have been thus specifically described but- What l claim as new therein and` desire to secure by Letters Patent iszl. In a concrete column structure, the

combination of an integral concrete core or body, a series of superimposed rings consisting of lire proofing material constituting the shell of said body and having annular' channels in their upper' horizontal faces and extending below the vertical centers of the rings and metallic reinforcing bands situated in said channels 4equi-distant from the upperV the bottom ofthe channel will be as far fromthe bottom of said ring as the top of the bandv is from the top of the ring. Y

3. In a concrete column structure, the combination of an integral concrete core, a series of superimposed fire proofing rings encircling said core and each consisting of a plurality of channel segments, the channels of which when the segments are together form a continuous annular channel between the vertical walls and extending below the vertical centers of therrespective rings, continuous metallic'reinforcing bands of larger diameter than that of the inner walls of said channels, situated in said channels at a distance from bothwalls thereof, and a filling of concrete in said channels inclosing said bands.

Il. In a concrete column struc-ture, the

combination of an integral concrete core or body, a series of superimposed sectional rings constituting the shell of said body and completely inclosing the same and consisting of iireproofing material, each of said Arings having an annular channel in its upper horizontal face and extending below thevertical centers o1" the rings, Said channel being lled tWo subscribing Witnesses, on this 2nd day With it) plestelling and al relnforeilg meof February A. D. 1907. talle and em edded in sait aste ing in r T the channel, the said metal bnd being as far ERNEST V' JOHNSOL 5 from the bottom of the ring as from the top. Witnesses:

In testimony whereof I have signed my t FRANCIS A. HOPKINS, name to this Specification, in the presence of CHAS. H. SEEN. 

